Does your dog occasionally skip on one leg while walking or running—and then seem fine moments later? This “funny walk” might look harmless, but it’s often a sign of patellar luxation.
Patellar luxation is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions in dogs, especially in small breeds. At Cottage Vet Clinic, we see it regularly—and the good news is, with the right treatment plan, most dogs can lead comfortable, active lives.
What Is Patellar Luxation?
The patella, or kneecap, normally sits in a groove at the end of the femur and glides up and down as your dog bends and straightens the knee. In patellar luxation, the kneecap slips out of this groove—usually to the inside (medial) or outside (lateral) of the leg.
It can happen in one or both legs and ranges from mild and occasional to severe and constant.
Which Dogs Are Affected?
Patellar luxation can affect any breed, but it’s most common in small and toy breeds, including:
- Yorkshire Terriers
- Pomeranians
- Pekingese
- Jack Russells
- Miniature Poodles
- Chihuahuas
It also occurs in some large breeds, especially if they have poor limb alignment or previous trauma to the joint.
Grades of Patellar Luxation
We grade patellar luxation from 1 to 4:
- Grade 1: The patella can be manually moved out of place but returns on its own. Often no symptoms.
- Grade 2: The patella pops out occasionally, especially during activity, and may cause mild lameness.
- Grade 3: The patella is out of place most of the time but can be put back manually.
- Grade 4: The patella is permanently out of place and cannot be moved back. The dog may struggle to use the leg.
The severity of the luxation—and how much it affects your dog’s comfort and mobility—guides how we treat it.
Signs of Patellar Luxation
- Occasional or regular skipping lameness
- Sudden yelping or leg shaking during walks
- “Hopping” on three legs, then quickly returning to normal
- Bow-legged or knock-kneed stance
- Reluctance to jump or play
In advanced cases, patellar luxation may lead to joint wear, arthritis, or cruciate ligament tears due to instability in the knee.
Diagnosis at Cottage Vet Clinic
We diagnose patellar luxation with:
- A clinical orthopaedic exam
- Grading the luxation through manual palpation of the joint
- X-rays to assess limb alignment, arthritis, or other joint problems
In some cases, especially before surgery, we may recommend more advanced imaging.
Treatment Options
1. Conservative Management
Suitable for mild cases (Grade 1–2) or older dogs with minimal discomfort:
- Joint supplements (glucosamine, omega-3s)
- Anti-inflammatories when needed
- Weight management
- Avoiding excessive jumping or rough play
- Physiotherapy to build muscle strength
2. Surgical Correction
Recommended for Grades 3–4, or if your dog is in pain or losing mobility:
- Realigning the joint, deepening the groove, or repositioning supporting structures
- Often highly successful in restoring mobility and comfort
We’ll guide you through the best decision based on your pet’s age, activity level, and joint condition.
Dr Morne de Wet has a special interest in knee surgery and has helped many dogs (and cats!) with patellar luxation live long, pain-free lives.
Post-Op and Ongoing Care
After surgery, your dog will need:
- Rest and controlled exercise
- Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications
- Gradual return to activity over 6–12 weeks
- Long-term joint support with appropriate food or supplements
Early treatment reduces long-term damage and gives your dog the best chance for a pain-free future.
In Summary
Patellar luxation is common—but manageable. Whether your dog is just starting to show signs or already struggling with discomfort, we’re here to help.
Book a consultation at Cottage Vet Clinic to assess your dog’s knees and discuss the best treatment options. A simple limp today could be the first step toward lifelong joint health.
