Cushing’s Disease in Dogs – What Every Dog Owner Should Know
Cushing’s disease (overactive adrenal gland) is a hormonal disorder that often goes undiagnosed in its early stages. Caused by an overproduction of cortisol—the body’s natural stress hormone—Cushing’s disease in dogs can slowly lead to serious health complications if left untreated. The good news? With early diagnosis and careful management, many dogs with Cushing’s live full, happy lives.
In this article, we’ll walk you through what Cushing’s disease is, how to recognise the signs, and how it’s treated.
What is Cushing’s Disease?
Cushing’s disease (or hyperadrenocorticism) happens when a dog’s body produces too much cortisol. Cortisol helps regulate blood sugar, immune responses, and metabolism—but in excess, it becomes harmful.
There are two main types:
- Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s – caused by a benign tumour in the brain (most common)
- Adrenal-dependent Cushing’s – caused by a tumour in one of the adrenal glands
- Less commonly, Cushing’s may be caused by long-term steroid use (iatrogenic Cushing’s)
Signs of Cushing’s Disease in Dogs
The symptoms develop gradually, which can make them easy to miss at first. Watch out for:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Increased appetite
- Hair loss or thinning coat
- Pot-bellied appearance
- Panting, even at rest
- Skin thinning or darkening
- Lethargy and muscle wasting
- Recurrent urinary or skin infections
If you’re noticing a combination of these symptoms in your dog, book a consult for testing. The earlier we catch it, the better the outcome.
What Dogs Are at Risk?
Cushing’s disease is most common in:
- Middle-aged to older dogs (typically over 6 years)
- Small breeds like Poodles, Dachshunds, Terriers, and Beagles
- Dogs with a history of chronic steroid use
Diagnosing Cushing’s Disease
Cushing’s disease can be tricky to confirm, so we often use a combination of tests:
- Blood tests – including ALP, cholesterol, and liver values
- Urine tests – to rule out infections and check for cortisol
- ACTH stimulation test or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test – to confirm diagnosis
- Ultrasound – to assess the adrenal glands and rule out tumours
Learn more about bloodwork and diagnostic testing at Cottage Vet.
Treatment Options for Cushing’s Disease
Treatment depends on the cause:
- Medication: Most dogs are managed with daily oral medication (such as trilostane) to control cortisol levels.
- Surgery: In rare adrenal tumour cases, surgery may be advised.
- Regular monitoring: Dogs need ongoing bloodwork to fine-tune treatment and avoid complications.
With appropriate care, dogs with Cushing’s disease can do very well. Many show noticeable improvement in energy, coat condition, and comfort once treatment begins.
Why Early Detection Matters
Untreated Cushing’s disease in dogs can lead to:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Increased risk of infections
- Muscle weakness and mobility issues
- Poor wound healing
- Skin and coat problems
Read more about diabetes in dogs and cats—a common complication of untreated Cushing’s.
In Summary
Cushing’s disease in dogs can be subtle at first, but with the right care, it is very manageable. If your dog is drinking more, losing hair, or has a pot belly, don’t ignore the signs. A simple blood test could give you the answers you need.
👉 Contact Cottage Vet Clinic to book a check-up if you’re concerned your dog might have Cushing’s disease.
