Bladder stones are a painful and potentially serious condition we commonly see in both dogs and cats. These hard mineral formations can vary in size from tiny grains of sand to large, smooth stones—and they can cause everything from mild discomfort to life-threatening urinary blockages.
At Cottage Vet Clinic, we diagnose and treat bladder stones regularly. Knowing the signs and how to prevent them can make all the difference for your pet’s comfort and wellbeing.
What Are Bladder Stones?
Bladder stones (also known as uroliths) form when minerals in the urine clump together and solidify. This can happen for several reasons, including:
- Changes in urine pH
- Chronic or repeated urinary tract infections
- Concentrated urine (often from not drinking enough)
- Genetic predisposition in some breeds
- Diets that are too high in certain minerals
The stones irritate the bladder lining, which can cause inflammation, pain, and infection. In male animals, the biggest risk is that a stone may block the urethra—an emergency that needs immediate intervention.
Signs of Bladder Stones
Symptoms vary depending on the size and number of bladder stones, but common signs include:
- Straining to urinate
- Frequent urination or accidents in the house
- Blood in the urine
- Licking at the genitals
- Crying or restlessness during urination
- In severe cases: complete inability to pass urine
If your pet shows any of these signs, it’s essential to contact us promptly. We can perform a physical exam and diagnostic tests to confirm whether bladder stones are present.
How We Diagnose Bladder Stones
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Urinalysis to detect infection, blood, or crystals
- X-rays or ultrasound to visualise the stones
- Urine culture, if infection is suspected
At Cottage Vet Clinic, we use digital imaging and in-house testing to quickly assess and diagnose bladder stones so we can begin treatment without delay.
Treatment Options
The treatment for bladder stones depends on their type, size, and location.
1. Surgical Removal (Cystotomy)
This is often the most effective option, especially for larger stones or when a blockage is present. Surgery allows complete removal and analysis of the stone type.
2. Medical Dissolution
Some types of bladder stones—like struvite stones—can be dissolved with a special prescription diet and medications. This is only suitable in specific cases where there is no risk of obstruction.
3. Flushing and Urethral Catheterisation
In some cases, we can flush smaller stones out under anaesthesia, especially in male dogs with partial blockages.
Prevention of Bladder Stones
Once your pet has had bladder stones, there’s a high chance they may form again. That’s why prevention is key, and we work closely with you to tailor a long-term plan. This may include:
- Feeding a prescription urinary diet (e.g. Hill’s c/d, Royal Canin Urinary S/O)
- Encouraging increased water intake
- Monitoring urine pH and concentration
- Regular urine testing to catch changes early
- Prompt treatment of any urinary tract infections
Some breeds—such as Miniature Schnauzers, Dalmatians, Pekingese, and Shih Tzus—are more prone to bladder stones and may benefit from early screening.
In Summary
Bladder stones are painful but treatable. With early detection and the right care, your pet can recover fully and live comfortably. If your pet is showing signs of urinary discomfort, don’t delay—early intervention can prevent serious complications.
At Cottage Vet Clinic, we’re fully equipped to diagnose, treat, and help you prevent bladder stones in both dogs and cats. Book a consultation if you have any concerns.
